Transmission And Substation Foundations - Technical Design Manual

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Symbols & Acronyms

DL

Design Load (Appendix B only)

γ

Effective Unit Weight of Soil

DMT Dilatometer Test DS Design Load e Void Ratio E

Submerged Unit Weight (Submerged Density) (Section 2 only) Effective Unit Weight of the Soil (Section 4 only)

γ ’

γ ’ γd γs

Dry Unit Weight (Dry Density)

Modulus of Elasticity

Saturated Unit Weight (Saturated Density) Wet (Total) Unit Weight (Wet Density)

EI E p E s

Flexural Rigidity of the Foundation Shaft Modulus of Elasticity of Foundation Shaft Secant Modulus of the Soil Response Curve

γt

ΔLf

Incremental Pile Length

θ σ

Failure Plane Angle

E sγ Soil Reaction per Unit Length FHWA Federal Highway Administration FS Factor of Safety f s

Total Stress

σ ’ σ o

Effective Stress

Mean Normal Stress

Sum of Friction and Adhesion Between Soil and Pile Factor of Safety for Mechanical Strength of Hardware

τ f φ A

Shear Strength

Angle of Internal Friction Effective Cylinder Area

F Sh

F Sp

Proof Load Factor of Safety

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

AASHTO

FVT Field Vane Test G GWT Ground Water Table H High Strength HSA Hollow Stem Auger I H d /S d HS

Amount of Galvanized Coating

ACI

American Concrete Institute

A h Projected Helix Area AISC American Institute of Steel Construction AL Alignment Load ASL Allowable Steel Loss ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials AWS American Welding Society B Helix Diameter & Footing Width (Base) BOCA Building Officials and Code Administrators International c Cohesion of Soil C a Adhesion Factor

Height of Wall or Resisting Element

Helix to Shaft Diameter Ratio

Moment of Inertia (Section 4 only)

I Electrical Current (Appendix A only) ICBO International Conference of Building Officials

ICC International Code Council ICC-ES ICC Evaluation Service, Inc. I p

Moment of Inertia of Foundation Shaft Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest

CFA Continuous Flight Auger CID Cubic Inch Displacement CL Corrosion Weight Loss CPT Cone Penetration Test CPTU Piezocone Penetration Test D Diameter DL Dead Load

K 0 K 2 K a

Weight Loss by Corrosion

Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

k h

kip

Kilopound

Kl/r

Slenderness Ratio

K p

Coefficient of Passive Earth Pressure

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