Chance Technical Design Manual

Guy Henry Revesz and Jack C. Steinsberger of Illinois. This pat ent, which was recognized in 1961, cited references to the early work of Breuchaud and Gillespie. The method of 150% pre loading which was prevalent in the White patent of 1917 is also a standard criterion in this 1961 patent methodology. Numerous similar patents for pushed or jacked piers surfaced in the ‘60s and ‘70s, further extending the work of these early pioneers.

INTRODUCTION

APPLIED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The development of the Atlas Resistance pier system early in the 1980s created new opportunities for building owners to reclaim the hard-earned equity of their structure’s previ ously devalued state as a result of settlement. Since the Atlas Resistance pier is designed to actually restore the structural integrity and original elevation, building values and salability are usually recovered. Their two-stage installation method pro vides validation of load capacity along with a verifiable Factor of Safety for each pier installed. Essentially, every single pier is load tested during the installa tion process. The friction reduction collar on the lead pier sec tion reduces skin friction during installation, thus reducing the driving force required to reach the bearing stratum. From the early three-piece Atlas Resistance pier system patent, numer ous products and specialty equipment have been developed to serve the industry. The Atlas Resistance 2-Piece, Plate Pier, Continuous Lift, and Pre-Drilled systems represent the flexibil ity in design and application of the Atlas Resistance product line. New applications and modifications of these systems are continually in a state of expansion and growth to meet the needs of the deep foundation industry and to maintain the “state of the art” status and reputation of the Atlas Resistance product line. Atlas Resistance piers have earned the support of the engi neering community through years of focus on engineering, preliminary design, continuing education through formal train ing, and the overall team effort philosophy of Hubbell Power Systems, Inc., its application engineers, and its installing con tractor force. The broad Hubbell Power Systems, Inc., product line is a direct result of the effort and interaction of innovative engineers, installing contractors, and owners to provide sound, economical solutions to structure settlement in a multitude of environments throughout the country. TESTING AND CODE COMPLIANCE Atlas Resistance pier products have been subjected to full scale load tests under actual field conditions to determine their ultimate capacity. These tests were designed, conducted, and certified under the direction by Dr. David C. Kraft, Ph.D., PE. The field load tests were carried out in close conformance to ASTM D1143-81, Piles under Static Axial Compressive Load. These field load tests were conducted in Independence, Missouri be tween June 3 and July 6, 1989. Atlas Resistance models AP-2-3500.165 and AP-2-3500.165(M) comply with the structural provisions of the most recent editions of the Building Officials and Code Administrators

foundation piles for new construction. Another substantial advancement was developed and patented by Lazarus White, again of New York, in 1917. White addressed long-term stability issues encountered in previous similar methods by introducing the practice of pre-loading (or as he termed it, “the first or temporary load” encountered from the reaction during pushing the pipe against the structure load) to a pre-determined capacity equal to 150% of the required load, which is consistent with the installation methodology Atlas Resistance® piers use today. Additionally, White documented theories of the soil “pressure bulb” created at the pile tip which assumes compression of the soil beyond the periphery of the pile for contributing to “a load in excess of that attributable to the resistance of the area of the end of the pile.” One early, documented adaptation incorporating the use of a steel, eccentrically loaded bracket with pushed piles as a load transfer method was revealed in a 1959 patent application by

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